In a world where food security and public health are inseparable, Dr Olawole Emmanuel Aina stands out as a scientist whose work bridges agriculture, environmental safety, and human well-being. His journey to a PhD in Science reflects not only academic excellence but also an unyielding drive to address one of society’s most pressing challenges: how to feed a growing population without compromising health or the environment. “Sustainable agriculture isn’t just about crops; it’s about protecting people and the planet,” says Dr Aina, capturing the philosophy behind his research.
Dr Aina’s academic pathway demonstrates a natural progression of curiosity and commitment. Beginning with a BSc in Biological Sciences, followed by a Master’s in Zoology, he has now culminated his studies with a PhD focused on food safety and agricultural sustainability. His decision to pursue doctoral research, he explains, was motivated by the opportunity to deepen scientific expertise, contribute to global challenges, and inspire the next generation of scientists. “I wanted my research to have a practical impact – to guide farmers and reassure consumers,” he reflects.
At Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU), Dr Aina investigated the trace metal uptake, nutritional composition, and microbial quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and carrots (Daucus carota) grown in soils treated with organic manure and inorganic fertilisers. The choice of these crops was deliberate. As vegetables are widely consumed raw, often without decontamination, they are critical indicators of food safety risks.
The findings were striking. While organic manure improved mineral content, it also carried significant risks. Vegetables grown in soil amended with sewage sludge, for instance, showed potential exposure to non-carcinogenic diseases and harboured higher loads of faecal bacteria than those cultivated with inorganic fertilisers. These insights challenge the popular perception that “organic” automatically means safer or healthier. “Organic does not always mean safe. We must look beyond labels to science,” Dr Aina emphasises.
His research underscores a nuanced truth: sustainability requires balance. He advocates for combining organic and inorganic fertilisers to optimise soil fertility, enhance crop nutrition, and protect consumer health. Beyond farming practice, his recommendations speak directly to policymakers. He urges tighter regulation of organic amendments, mandatory treatment of sewage sludge before agricultural use, and more rigorous inspections of production sites and retail outlets. “Good policy, backed by scientific evidence, is essential for safe food systems,” he insists.
The journey, however, was not without challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic delayed fieldwork and laboratory access, while limited equipment forced him to outsource key analyses. Yet these obstacles reinforced a lesson he now shares with aspiring doctoral students: begin with what you have rather than waiting for perfect conditions. “Perfection is a luxury; progress comes from using what’s available,” he advises.
For Dr Aina, the most rewarding aspect of his PhD journey has been disseminating his findings – not only through peer-reviewed publications but also to farmers and consumers who can apply them directly. “Seeing farmers adopt safer practices makes every challenge worthwhile,” he reflects.
Looking ahead, Dr Aina sees great promise in the future of sustainable agriculture in South Africa and across the continent, provided innovation, policy, investment, and inclusivity align. His next steps remain anchored in higher education, where he intends to continue blending research, teaching, and community engagement.
His message is clear: sustainable farming and safe food production are collective responsibilities. Protecting soil, reducing harmful inputs, and ensuring food safety are interconnected commitments that must be shared by farmers, consumers, scientists, and policymakers alike. “Our soil, our food, our health – they are inseparable. Together, we must protect them,” he concludes.
By Tumelo Moila
